See red in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "rede"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "rede"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "counsel"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rǣd"
},
"expansion": "Old English rǣd",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rād"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rād",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rēdaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rēdaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English rǣd, from Proto-West Germanic *rād, from Proto-Germanic *rēdaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "redes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ræd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reed",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "red",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "redes"
},
"expansion": "red (plural redes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Alfred"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hird"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 1 1 5 0 4 4 1 4 1 3 4 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"counsel, advice, recommendation"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun-khrpXCOz",
"links": [
[
"counsel",
"counsel"
],
[
"advice",
"advice"
],
[
"recommendation",
"recommendation"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 1 1 5 0 4 4 1 4 1 3 4 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"persuasion, convincing"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun-UNxu4lTZ",
"links": [
[
"persuasion",
"persuasion"
],
[
"convincing",
"convincing"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"agreement, permission, allowance"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun-nPGHmZeT",
"links": [
[
"agreement",
"agreement"
],
[
"permission",
"permission"
],
[
"allowance",
"allowance"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 1 1 5 0 4 4 1 4 1 3 4 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 7 7 7 7 9 1 0 1 7 7 1 7 7 1 1 1 7 0 0 7 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Water plants",
"orig": "enm:Water plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"decree, edict"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun-fx7s6dNQ",
"links": [
[
"decree",
"decree"
],
[
"edict",
"edict"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 1 1 5 0 4 4 1 4 1 3 4 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"decision, will, purpose"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun-pPpvma0N",
"links": [
[
"decision",
"decision"
],
[
"will",
"will"
],
[
"purpose",
"purpose"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"judgement, judicial decision, opinion"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun-2EJqeDTf",
"links": [
[
"judgement",
"judgement"
],
[
"decision",
"decision"
],
[
"opinion",
"opinion"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"plan, strategy, programme, plot"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun-aURSf6XG",
"links": [
[
"plan",
"plan"
],
[
"strategy",
"strategy"
],
[
"programme",
"programme"
],
[
"plot",
"plot"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"event, happening, occurrence"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun-fGrcQeoh",
"links": [
[
"event",
"event"
],
[
"happening",
"happening"
],
[
"occurrence",
"occurrence"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 1 1 5 0 4 4 1 4 1 3 4 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"benefit, boon, help"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun-ClzS7XFU",
"links": [
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
],
[
"boon",
"boon"
],
[
"help",
"help"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"deliberation, discussion"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun-si2skETr",
"links": [
[
"deliberation",
"deliberation"
],
[
"discussion",
"discussion"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wisdom"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun-fGi3DOpV",
"links": [
[
"wisdom",
"wisdom"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɛ̝ːd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/reːd/"
}
],
"word": "red"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "reed"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "reed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "reed"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrēod"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrēod",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hreud"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hreud",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hrēod, from Proto-West Germanic *hreud.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "redes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "red",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reed",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reod",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rode",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rued",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "red",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "redes"
},
"expansion": "red (plural redes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 1 1 5 0 4 4 1 4 1 3 4 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reed, flax (plant)"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun-oTmTX5~J",
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
],
[
"flax",
"flax"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The stalk of a reed"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun-ft53Pi1K"
},
{
"glosses": [
"straw, thatching"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun-2mEPHvs7",
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"thatching",
"thatching"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 2 2 1 4 1 1 4 3 0 1 2 1 1 1 2 6 2 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 6 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 19 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 3 2 1 4 1 1 4 4 0 1 2 1 0 1 2 6 2 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 6 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 1 1 2 4 3 4 1 5 2 2 6 4 1 1 2 1 2 2 3 7 3 4 4 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 6 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 2 2 2 7 3 9 2 1 5 3 3 3 2 2 7 3 2 3 1 1 1 0 2 18 1 2 3 2 2 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries referencing etymons with mismatched IDs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 2 2 6 4 8 2 1 5 3 3 3 2 2 6 3 3 4 1 1 0 0 2 15 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 2 2 2 7 3 8 2 0 5 4 3 4 2 3 8 2 2 3 1 1 0 0 2 18 0 2 3 2 1 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 2 2 2 7 2 9 2 1 5 2 2 2 2 2 7 2 2 4 1 1 0 0 2 19 1 2 3 2 2 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reed pen"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun--1oBVBQL",
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
],
[
"pen",
"pen"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/røːd/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/reːd/"
}
],
"word": "red"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aukan",
"lang_code": "djk",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "lebi"
}
],
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "redi"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aukan",
"lang_code": "djk",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "lebi"
}
],
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "ledi"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "red"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "rede"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "reid"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "reed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:rēad",
"id": "color",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós\nProto-Germanic *raudaz\nProto-West Germanic *raud\nOld English rēad\nMiddle English red",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "red"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rēad"
},
"expansion": "Old English rēad",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*raud"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *raud",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*raudaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *raudaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rowdʰós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós\nProto-Germanic *raudaz\nProto-West Germanic *raud\nOld English rēad\nMiddle English red\nFrom Old English rēad, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "redder",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "reddest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "redde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reed",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "read",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ræd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"10": "reddest",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{sup2}}}",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "redder",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{comp2}}}",
"9": "superlative",
"f3l": "",
"f5l": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "red (comparative redder, superlative reddest)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "redder",
"3": "reddest"
},
"expansion": "red (comparative redder, superlative reddest)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"red, crimson, scarlet (in color)"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-adj-dGFLWYyX",
"links": [
[
"red",
"#English"
],
[
"crimson",
"crimson"
],
[
"scarlet",
"scarlet"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 1 1 5 0 4 4 1 4 1 3 4 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 7 7 7 7 9 1 0 1 7 7 1 7 7 1 1 1 7 0 0 7 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Water plants",
"orig": "enm:Water plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"red pigment"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-adj-hHvwYPxu",
"links": [
[
"red",
"#English"
],
[
"pigment",
"pigment"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 1 1 5 0 4 4 1 4 1 3 4 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reddened, dyed red"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-adj-Dt9GB4h4",
"links": [
[
"reddened",
"reddened"
],
[
"dyed",
"dyed"
],
[
"red",
"#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 1 1 5 0 4 4 1 4 1 3 4 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 7 7 7 7 9 1 0 1 7 7 1 7 7 1 1 1 7 0 0 7 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Water plants",
"orig": "enm:Water plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"blushing, red-faced"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-adj-TB8vDhGK",
"links": [
[
"blushing",
"blushing"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 1 1 5 0 4 4 1 4 1 3 4 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 7 7 7 7 9 1 0 1 7 7 1 7 7 1 1 1 7 0 0 7 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Water plants",
"orig": "enm:Water plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bloody, blood-stained"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-adj-h2wR3SBu",
"links": [
[
"bloody",
"bloody"
],
[
"blood-stained",
"blood-stained"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 1 1 5 0 4 4 1 4 1 3 4 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 7 7 7 7 9 1 0 1 7 7 1 7 7 1 1 1 7 0 0 7 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Water plants",
"orig": "enm:Water plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ruddy, rosy"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-adj-8XNHIDN5",
"links": [
[
"ruddy",
"ruddy"
],
[
"rosy",
"rosy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 1 1 5 0 4 4 1 4 1 3 4 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 7 7 7 7 9 1 0 1 7 7 1 7 7 1 1 1 7 0 0 7 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Water plants",
"orig": "enm:Water plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"red-haired"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-adj-0QVFzDwY",
"links": [
[
"red-haired",
"red-haired"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"red-clothed, wearing red"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-adj-K8Z~7Jr-",
"links": [
[
"red",
"#English"
],
[
"clothed",
"clothed"
],
[
"wearing",
"wearing"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"golden"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-adj-3VbeQTeV",
"links": [
[
"golden",
"golden"
]
],
"qualifier": "metal",
"raw_glosses": [
"(metal) golden"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Alchemy",
"orig": "enm:Alchemy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"causing transmutation into gold"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-adj-bHdPPRqY",
"links": [
[
"alchemy",
"alchemy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(alchemy) causing transmutation into gold"
],
"topics": [
"alchemy",
"pseudoscience"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɛ̝ːd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/reːd/"
}
],
"word": "red"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "red"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "rede"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "reid"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "reed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:rēad",
"id": "color",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós\nProto-Germanic *raudaz\nProto-West Germanic *raud\nOld English rēad\nMiddle English red",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "red"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rēad"
},
"expansion": "Old English rēad",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*raud"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *raud",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*raudaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *raudaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rowdʰós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós\nProto-Germanic *raudaz\nProto-West Germanic *raud\nOld English rēad\nMiddle English red\nFrom Old English rēad, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "redde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reed",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "read",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ræd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "red",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Rede See"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"red (colour)"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun-y~MGW1g~",
"links": [
[
"red",
"#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"red pigment, vermillion, cinnabar"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun-Aa8lqVS3",
"links": [
[
"red",
"#English"
],
[
"pigment",
"pigment"
],
[
"vermillion",
"vermillion"
],
[
"cinnabar",
"cinnabar"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Heraldry",
"orig": "enm:Heraldry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"red, gules (tincture)"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun-Fj4Xb62o",
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"red",
"#English"
],
[
"gules",
"gules"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry) red, gules (tincture)"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"reddish or ruddy skin"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun-WPBuR5d0",
"links": [
[
"reddish",
"reddish"
],
[
"ruddy",
"ruddy"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"reddish eyes or irises"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun-7R6W-PXE",
"links": [
[
"reddish",
"reddish"
],
[
"eyes",
"eyes"
],
[
"irises",
"irises"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"red fabric"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun-Ewwgi3rP",
"links": [
[
"red",
"#English"
],
[
"fabric",
"fabric"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"red wine"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun-wOXrFbJ9",
"links": [
[
"red",
"#English"
],
[
"wine",
"wine"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"blood"
],
"id": "en-red-enm-noun-Po5AwK9f",
"links": [
[
"blood",
"blood"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɛ̝ːd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/reːd/"
}
],
"word": "red"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries referencing etymons with mismatched IDs",
"Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 19 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"enm:Plants",
"enm:Water plants"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "rede"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "rede"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "counsel"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rǣd"
},
"expansion": "Old English rǣd",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rād"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rād",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rēdaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rēdaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English rǣd, from Proto-West Germanic *rād, from Proto-Germanic *rēdaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "redes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ræd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reed",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "red",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "redes"
},
"expansion": "red (plural redes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Alfred"
},
{
"word": "hird"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"counsel, advice, recommendation"
],
"links": [
[
"counsel",
"counsel"
],
[
"advice",
"advice"
],
[
"recommendation",
"recommendation"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"persuasion, convincing"
],
"links": [
[
"persuasion",
"persuasion"
],
[
"convincing",
"convincing"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"agreement, permission, allowance"
],
"links": [
[
"agreement",
"agreement"
],
[
"permission",
"permission"
],
[
"allowance",
"allowance"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"decree, edict"
],
"links": [
[
"decree",
"decree"
],
[
"edict",
"edict"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"decision, will, purpose"
],
"links": [
[
"decision",
"decision"
],
[
"will",
"will"
],
[
"purpose",
"purpose"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"judgement, judicial decision, opinion"
],
"links": [
[
"judgement",
"judgement"
],
[
"decision",
"decision"
],
[
"opinion",
"opinion"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"plan, strategy, programme, plot"
],
"links": [
[
"plan",
"plan"
],
[
"strategy",
"strategy"
],
[
"programme",
"programme"
],
[
"plot",
"plot"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"event, happening, occurrence"
],
"links": [
[
"event",
"event"
],
[
"happening",
"happening"
],
[
"occurrence",
"occurrence"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"benefit, boon, help"
],
"links": [
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
],
[
"boon",
"boon"
],
[
"help",
"help"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"deliberation, discussion"
],
"links": [
[
"deliberation",
"deliberation"
],
[
"discussion",
"discussion"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wisdom"
],
"links": [
[
"wisdom",
"wisdom"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɛ̝ːd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/reːd/"
}
],
"word": "red"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries referencing etymons with mismatched IDs",
"Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 19 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"enm:Plants",
"enm:Water plants"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "reed"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "reed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "reed"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrēod"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrēod",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hreud"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hreud",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hrēod, from Proto-West Germanic *hreud.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "redes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "red",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reed",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reod",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rode",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rued",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "red",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "redes"
},
"expansion": "red (plural redes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"reed, flax (plant)"
],
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
],
[
"flax",
"flax"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The stalk of a reed"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"straw, thatching"
],
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"thatching",
"thatching"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"reed pen"
],
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
],
[
"pen",
"pen"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/røːd/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/reːd/"
}
],
"word": "red"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries referencing etymons with mismatched IDs",
"Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 19 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"enm:Plants",
"enm:Water plants"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aukan",
"lang_code": "djk",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "lebi"
}
],
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "redi"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aukan",
"lang_code": "djk",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "lebi"
}
],
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "ledi"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "red"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "rede"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "reid"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "reed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:rēad",
"id": "color",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós\nProto-Germanic *raudaz\nProto-West Germanic *raud\nOld English rēad\nMiddle English red",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "red"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rēad"
},
"expansion": "Old English rēad",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*raud"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *raud",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*raudaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *raudaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rowdʰós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós\nProto-Germanic *raudaz\nProto-West Germanic *raud\nOld English rēad\nMiddle English red\nFrom Old English rēad, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "redder",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "reddest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "redde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reed",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "read",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ræd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"10": "reddest",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{sup2}}}",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "redder",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{comp2}}}",
"9": "superlative",
"f3l": "",
"f5l": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "red (comparative redder, superlative reddest)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "redder",
"3": "reddest"
},
"expansion": "red (comparative redder, superlative reddest)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"red, crimson, scarlet (in color)"
],
"links": [
[
"red",
"#English"
],
[
"crimson",
"crimson"
],
[
"scarlet",
"scarlet"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"red pigment"
],
"links": [
[
"red",
"#English"
],
[
"pigment",
"pigment"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"reddened, dyed red"
],
"links": [
[
"reddened",
"reddened"
],
[
"dyed",
"dyed"
],
[
"red",
"#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"blushing, red-faced"
],
"links": [
[
"blushing",
"blushing"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bloody, blood-stained"
],
"links": [
[
"bloody",
"bloody"
],
[
"blood-stained",
"blood-stained"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ruddy, rosy"
],
"links": [
[
"ruddy",
"ruddy"
],
[
"rosy",
"rosy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"red-haired"
],
"links": [
[
"red-haired",
"red-haired"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"red-clothed, wearing red"
],
"links": [
[
"red",
"#English"
],
[
"clothed",
"clothed"
],
[
"wearing",
"wearing"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"golden"
],
"links": [
[
"golden",
"golden"
]
],
"qualifier": "metal",
"raw_glosses": [
"(metal) golden"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Alchemy"
],
"glosses": [
"causing transmutation into gold"
],
"links": [
[
"alchemy",
"alchemy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(alchemy) causing transmutation into gold"
],
"topics": [
"alchemy",
"pseudoscience"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɛ̝ːd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/reːd/"
}
],
"word": "red"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries referencing etymons with mismatched IDs",
"Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 19 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"enm:Plants",
"enm:Water plants"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "red"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "rede"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "reid"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "reed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:rēad",
"id": "color",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós\nProto-Germanic *raudaz\nProto-West Germanic *raud\nOld English rēad\nMiddle English red",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "red"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rēad"
},
"expansion": "Old English rēad",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*raud"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *raud",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*raudaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *raudaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rowdʰós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós\nProto-Germanic *raudaz\nProto-West Germanic *raud\nOld English rēad\nMiddle English red\nFrom Old English rēad, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "redde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reed",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "read",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ræd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "red",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Rede See"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"red (colour)"
],
"links": [
[
"red",
"#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"red pigment, vermillion, cinnabar"
],
"links": [
[
"red",
"#English"
],
[
"pigment",
"pigment"
],
[
"vermillion",
"vermillion"
],
[
"cinnabar",
"cinnabar"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Heraldry"
],
"glosses": [
"red, gules (tincture)"
],
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"red",
"#English"
],
[
"gules",
"gules"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry) red, gules (tincture)"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"reddish or ruddy skin"
],
"links": [
[
"reddish",
"reddish"
],
[
"ruddy",
"ruddy"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"reddish eyes or irises"
],
"links": [
[
"reddish",
"reddish"
],
[
"eyes",
"eyes"
],
[
"irises",
"irises"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"red fabric"
],
"links": [
[
"red",
"#English"
],
[
"fabric",
"fabric"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"red wine"
],
"links": [
[
"red",
"#English"
],
[
"wine",
"wine"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"blood"
],
"links": [
[
"blood",
"blood"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɛ̝ːd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/reːd/"
}
],
"word": "red"
}
Download raw JSONL data for red meaning in Middle English (14.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-04-01 using wiktextract (7de0cf9 and 9452535). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.